Bases conceituais e metodológicas da micro-história italiana na perspectiva de Carlo Ginzburg, Edoardo Grendi e Giovanni Levi

Abstract

Within the field of Social and Cultural History, microhistory emerged in the 1970s as a historiographical approach aimed at overcoming the limitations imposed by traditional historiography. This text examines the theoretical and conceptual foundations of italian microhistory and is structured as a Systematic Literature Review of a discursive nature. The bibliographic survey was conducted through consultation of books, scholarly articles, and book chapters available in recognized scientific databases such as Scielo, Capes Journals, and Google Scholar. Materials addressing microhistory were selected, with emphasis on reference texts by Italian authors and studies analyzing its application in different historiographical contexts. The selection criteria considered theoretical relevance, timeliness of publications, and contribution to the conceptual debate. The analysis consisted of critical reading and organization of central ideas, seeking to identify points of convergence and divergence among scholars, as well as mapping the main methodological contributions. This study aimed to develop a synthesis capable of providing a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of microhistory, highlighting its trajectory and impact on contemporary historiography. Microhistory focuses on everyday experiences, local contexts, and historically marginalized subjects, while acknowledging the limitations imposed by fragmented sources and the complexity of the past. Based on the inferential method, microhistory prioritizes subtle traces as revealing elements of hidden social dynamics that grand narratives fail to capture. By incorporating alternative sources and new perspectives on historical phenomena, microhistory does not reject macrosocial analyses, but complements them, proving that details illuminate larger structures. The greatest contribution of microhistory to historiography lies in its ability to make the invisible visible through the integration of microanalysis and macroanalysis.